Car oiling system: Overview, functions and maintenance

Car oiling system: Overview, functions and maintenance

A car's lubrication system is one of the most important components of an engine, ensuring that it runs smoothly and efficiently. The engine's lubrication system helps keep moving parts lubricated, preventing wear and overheating. Regular maintenance and understanding of this system is essential to prevent serious breakdowns and extend the life of your engine.

Functions of the car lubrication system

  1. Lubrication: The moving parts of an engine, such as pistons, camshafts, and crankshafts, require constant lubrication to reduce friction and wear.
    Cooling: The lubrication system helps remove excess heat generated by the engine and maintains optimal operating temperatures.
    Cleaning: Engine oil collects dirt, metal particles, and combustion residues that can damage the engine.
    Corrosion prevention: Engine oil contains additives that prevent corrosion and oxidation on metal surfaces.
    Sealing: Oil helps seal the gaps between the pistons and cylinders to ensure optimal engine pressure.

Main components of a car's lubrication system

1. Oil pan

  • Located at the bottom of the engine and acts as a reservoir for the oil.
  • The oil pan collects the oil as it drains back from the engine.

2. Oil pump

  • The pump's job is to circulate the oil. It pumps the oil through the system to reach all the parts that need lubrication.
  • Most cars use a gear or vane pump system, which provides a constant and even oil pressure.

3. Oil filter

  • Removes dirt and particles from the oil, preventing them from entering the engine.
  • The oil filter should always be replaced when you change the oil.

4. Oil pressure sensor

  • Monitors oil pressure while the engine is running and provides a warning if the pressure drops below the allowable level.
  • A drop in oil pressure may indicate oil leaks, a clogged filter, or a malfunctioning oil pump.

5. Oil passages

  • The passages inside the engine that carry oil to the parts that need lubrication.
  • Blocked passages can cause lubrication problems and engine failure.

6. Cooling system (if applicable)

  • Some vehicles have an oil cooler to help keep the oil temperature low, especially in high-performance engines

Lubrication system types

  1. Wet sump:
    The most common system, where oil is collected in an oil pan and pumped from there to lubricate the engine's moving parts.
    Dry sump:
    Primarily used in high-performance cars and racing machines. The oil is stored in a separate tank and pumped from there to the engine. This allows for better oil cooling and a lower center of gravity for the engine.

Lubrication system problems and their solutions

1. Low oil level

  • Causes: Oil leaks, excessive combustion residues or careless oil change.
  • Solution: Check the oil level regularly and top up if necessary. If leaks persist, have the system checked by a specialist.

2. Clogged oil filter

  • Causes: Oil filter that has not been changed for a long time.
  • Solution: Change the oil filter regularly when changing the oil.

3. Low oil pressure

  • Causes: Oil pump failure, leaks or blocked channels.
  • Solution: If the oil pressure warning light on the dashboard comes on, stop the car immediately and seek help.

4. Excessive oil in the engine

  • Causes: Incorrectly measured amount of oil during oil change.
  • Solution: Remove excess oil, as excess oil can damage seals and create air bubbles.

5. Contaminated oil

  • Causes: Infrequent oil changes or use of unsuitable oil.
  • Solution: Always use the manufacturer's recommended engine oil and change it on time.

Lubrication system maintenance tips

  1. Change your engine oil regularly:
    Most manufacturers recommend changing your oil every 10,000–15,000 kilometers or once a year, depending on driving conditions.
    Use the right type of oil:
    Check your car’s owner’s manual to see what viscosity and type of oil (synthetic, semi-synthetic or mineral oil) the manufacturer recommends.
    Check your oil level regularly:
    This is especially important for long trips or heavy loads.
    Change your oil filter at every oil change:
    Clean filters ensure that the lubricating oil stays clean and the system works efficiently.
    Watch for warning signs in your lubrication system:
    If you notice an oil pressure warning light on your dashboard or hear unusual sounds from your engine, take action immediately.

Summary

The car's lubrication system plays a key role in the smooth operation of the engine, providing the necessary lubrication, cooling and protection. Regular maintenance, oil changes and inspection of system components help prevent major engine failures and extend the life of the engine. A well-maintained lubrication system is important for both vehicle performance and durability.