Car chassis construction and parts
The chassis of a car is an important system of a vehicle that connects the wheels and the body, allowing safe and stable movement. It consists of various mechanisms and components that ensure the vehicle's handling, comfort and roadholding. In this article, we will provide an overview of the chassis structure and introduce in more detail important components such as wishbones, steering arm, pendulum arm, track rod, steering knuckle, hinges, bridge beam and steering rods.
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Car chassis and undercarriage
The undercarriage of a car, or car chassis and undercarriage, consists of several key components that play a role in the car's movement, appearance, and safety. It is an additional system that connects the car body to the wheels and allows the vehicle to be used and steered. The following is an overview of the main details of the undercarriage of a car.
1. Suspension system
The suspension system connects the wheels of a car to the body or frame and ensures a comfortable and stable ride. Its function is to absorb shocks and vibrations that occur on rough roads. The main elements of the suspension are:
Shock absorbers: Absorb the movement of the springs and keep the tires against the road.
Springs (coil springs or leaf springs): Hold the weight of the car and provide a smoother ride.
Control arms: Connect the wheels to the chassis and allow vertical movement.
Coupling Rod: Reduce body roll when cornering.
Bushes: Soft connections that hold parts in place and absorb vibrations.
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Wheel hub – what is it and why is it needed?
A wheel hub is the central part of a car's wheel assembly , to which the wheel is attached and inside which the hub bearing is located.
It holds the wheel to the car, allows it to rotate smoothly, and is part of the braking and traction system.
simply put:
A wheel hub is the part to which the wheel is physically attached and which allows the wheel to rotate freely and safely.
All car brands – Audi, VW, Volvo, Škoda, BMW, Mercedes, Toyota, etc. – use wheel hubs with a very similar design.
What does a wheel hub contain?
A typical wheel hub consists of:
hub bearing – makes the wheel rotate smoothly,
hub housing – a metal housing into which the bearing is pressed,
bolt holes / bolts – the wheel is attached here,
sometimes also an abs sensor ring or even an integrated abs sensor.
On newer cars, the hub and bearing are sold as a set - they are not taken apart.
How does a wheel hub work?
The hub bearing attaches to the car's axle or wishbone .
The hub bearing allows the wheel to rotate easily and evenly.
The brake disc and wheel, attached to the hub, rotate together.
The entire weight and driving dynamics of the car are transferred through the hub to the wheels.
Without wheel hubs, the wheels simply wouldn't stay on the car.
common problems with wheel hubs
The most common damage is to the bearing inside the hub.
typical faults:
rumbling or growling while driving (bearing damage),
vibration in the steering wheel ,
a rocking motion in the wheel , i.e. the wheel moves up and down / left and right,
the abs light comes on if the magnetic ring at the hub is damaged,
The wheel heats up when the bearing is jammed.
examples:
VW Golf and Passat – very common front hub bearing hum.
Audi A4/A6 – The hub and bearing assembly often wears out due to uneven roads.
Volvo XC90 – In heavier cars, hubs wear out faster.
signs that the wheel hub needs checking or replacement
there is a roar that gets louder with speed,
the steering wheel is shaking ,
the wheel moves excessively when touched by hand,
Clicking sounds when braking or turning,
the ABS or traction control light comes on,
the car “floats” on the road.
If the bearing breaks completely, the wheel may even fall off – so the problem should not be ignored.
wheel hub maintenance
The hubcap itself does not require maintenance, but it helps:
keep the wheels properly tensioned ,
avoid hard impacts on curbs,
replace the bearing as soon as noise occurs,
check the condition during technical maintenance.
When should the wheel hub be replaced?
Replacement is necessary if:
the camp makes noise,
there is slack in the hub,
the abs sensor magnetic ring is faulty,
The hub housing has received a mechanical impact.
A new hub set restores quiet ride, stability and safety .
short summary
The wheel hub holds the wheel to the car and allows it to rotate.
There is a hub bearing inside it that wears out over time.
typical symptoms: noise, lurch, ABS errors.
The wheel hub is an important safety element – a faulty hub must definitely be replaced.
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